FAQ

Your smartphone’s mobile hotspot feature, though convenient, can be vulnerable to hacking attempts. Hackers who successfully access your hotspot may steal sensitive information stored on your phone or consume your data allowance, leading to unexpected charges. “Stay vigilant and learn how to secure your hotspot to protect your information.”

Your smartphone’s mobile hotspot feature, though convenient, can be vulnerable to hacking attempts. Hackers who successfully access your hotspot may steal sensitive information stored on your phone or consume your data allowance, leading to unexpected charges. “Stay vigilant and learn how to secure your hotspot to protect your information.”

1. Provide internet access in areas where there is no fixed-line broadband or where the broadband speed is too slow
2. Connect multiple devices to the internet via Wi-Fi or Ethernet connections
3. Provide internet access on the go, such as in a car or on a camping trip
4. Avoid the need for a landline or cable installation for internet access

Your smartphone’s mobile hotspot feature, though convenient, can be vulnerable to hacking attempts. Hackers who successfully access your hotspot may steal sensitive information stored on your phone or consume your data allowance, leading to unexpected charges. “Stay vigilant and learn how to secure your hotspot to protect your information.”

Public Wi-Fi hotspots are vulnerable to hacking due to their open structure, which allows hackers to intercept the connection between your device and the access point. Additionally, unsecured public Wi-Fi can be used as a platform to spread malware, making it easy for hackers to infect your device through file-sharing networks.

Malware refers to any malicious software designed to harm or exploit programmable devices, services, or networks. Cybercriminals often use malware to steal sensitive information from victims, which can range from financial data to healthcare records, personal emails, and passwords. The potential for compromising a wide variety of information has increased significantly in recent years.

Malware is a term used to describe harmful software, including viruses, ransomware, and spyware. It is software created by cybercriminals to cause damage to data and systems or to gain unauthorized access to a network. In simpler terms, malware is any software intentionally designed to cause harm or steal information.

Malware has various methods of spreading, some of which have been used for over 30 years. These include email attachments, malvertising (malicious advertisements on popular websites), fake software installations, infected USB drives, compromised apps, phishing emails, and even text messages. These various channels allow malware to infect new devices and networks, leading to its continued spread.

Most standard malware infections can be removed through the use of malware scanners. It is important to note that, if you have an active antivirus program on your computer, a different scanner should be used for the malware check, as the current antivirus software may not initially detect the malware.

A ransomware virus is a type of malware that encrypts a victim’s data, making it inaccessible. The attacker then demands a ransom payment in exchange for restoring access to the encrypted information. This type of malware can hold an individual or organization’s critical files, databases, or applications hostage.

SD-WAN refers to a virtualized, software-driven approach to managing the wide area network (WAN) connectivity that enterprises use to connect their remote locations and users to applications and data. By utilizing multiple types of connectivity such as MPLS, LTE, and broadband internet services, SD-WAN provides a secure and flexible way for organizations to manage and optimize their WAN.

In the event of a system failure, a backup mode known as failover is activated. It automatically switches to a secondary or standby database, server, or network to ensure continuous operation without interruption. Failover is a crucial feature for systems that demand constant availability.

A WAN, or Wide Area Network, encompasses all data connections that extend beyond a local network and are used to connect different physical locations, data centers, or the Internet. An SD-WAN, or Software-Defined Wide Area Network, leverages software to manage these WAN connections and unify them into a single monitored and controlled link.

Bandwidth measures the amount of data transmitted over a network in a given time. It determines the maximum capacity of a network connection. SD-WAN uses multiple bandwidth connections and directs network traffic for increased capacity and control, rerouting traffic in the event of a connection issue.

A Controller refers to a central point of management that governs the flow of data between two endpoints. It is utilized by IT teams in order to manage and maintain their organization’s SD-WAN infrastructure, which includes branch locations and headquarters. The role of the controller is to enforce security policies, monitor the virtual overlay network, manage software updates, and provide reporting and alerts.

IPsec, short for Internet Protocol Security, is a security protocol suite that provides security for data transmitted over IP networks. It offers encryption and authentication services to protect network traffic and ensure the privacy and integrity of information being transmitted. Many software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) solutions support IPsec to enhance the security of network communication and verify the authenticity of the data being transmitted.

A packet sniffer, also referred to as a packet analyzer or packet capture tool, is a software or hardware device that monitors and logs the flow of data packets over a computer network. The purpose of a packet sniffer is to intercept and analyze network traffic to diagnose problems, monitor security and improve network performance.

A man in the middle (MITM) attack refers to an unauthorized third party who intercepts and manipulates communication between two entities by disguising themselves as one of the parties. The attacker aims to listen in on, alter, or control the exchange of information between the two unsuspecting parties.

The three main types of SD-WAN deployment models are Edge, Over-the-Top (OTT) Service, and Carrier Services.

• Edge providers offer physical and virtual appliances for enterprise deployment.
• OTT service providers offer SD-WAN as a service through third-party infrastructure for the last mile.
• Carrier Services bundle SD-WAN appliances with their own last-mile infrastructure. Another type of deployment model is Cloud Services, which move the SD-WAN virtual overlay from the edge to the cloud.

SD-WAN offers several benefits to enterprises in the digital era. One of the major benefits is cost reduction by leveraging low-cost internet links instead of expensive MPLS connections. It also provides optimum performance by maximizing the use of available resources. SD-WAN also offers a secure network environment with centralized security policies and encrypted communication. Additionally, SD-WAN makes it easy to integrate new offices into the network with its plug-and-play setup.

An IDS (Intrusion Detection System) is a security tool that detects and prevents unauthorized access to a network. It continuously monitors network traffic and analyzes data for signs of malicious activity, such as attacks or intrusions. If a threat is detected, the IDS can take action and/or notify administrators to help prevent security breaches and quickly respond to incidents.

A SOC (Security Operation Center) is a central unit within a company tasked with managing the security of the organization. It combines human expertise, processes, and technology to continuously monitor and enhance the company’s cybersecurity stance. The SOC aims to prevent, detect, examine, and respond to any cyber security incidents, ensuring the protection of sensitive data and systems.

An IPS is a network security tool that prevents malicious activity by monitoring network traffic and taking immediate action. It can be hardware or software, continuously scans for threats and can take various actions to prevent harm to the network and data.

IDS detects network threats while IPS stops them. IPS actively controls network traffic while IDS monitors it. IDS identifies security threats, IPS prevents them from causing harm.

IDS/IPS and firewalls differ in function and approach. Firewalls control traffic based on rules, while IDS/IPS monitor and prevent malicious activity. Both are important for network security but serve different purposes.

IDS and IPS enhance network security by providing multi-layered defense. An IDS monitors for threats and an IPS stops malicious traffic from causing harm. Together, they detect, analyze, and respond to security threats, improving overall network security.

Edge devices facilitate communication between local networks and the cloud by acting as a bridge. They translate data and protocols for processing by the cloud and play a crucial role in secure data transfer. Edge devices enable use of cloud services while keeping sensitive data secure.

Local Internet Breakout provides Internet access to users through a local connection, bypassing the need to route traffic through the central network. This reduces latency, improves network efficiency, and enhances user experience for remote employees and branch offices.

MPLS is a data transmission technology that improves speed and efficiency. It uses labels instead of addresses to route data, leading to more efficient and faster data transmission. MPLS also prioritizes certain types of traffic and enhances network reliability, making it a popular choice for organizations.

MPLS is a popular networking technology with benefits such as improved network performance, increased security, and better management. However, it also has drawbacks like high costs, limited flexibility, and limited scalability. Organizations should consider the advantages and disadvantages when deciding on their network infrastructure. MPLS has been widely used for over 20 years in enterprise networks.

MPLS is a layer 2.5 protocol, combining features of both layer 2 and 3. Layer 2 deals with IP packet transmission over LANs or point-to-point WANs. Layer 3 uses IP protocols for internet-wide addressing and routing. MPLS enhances data transport across networks by bridging the gap between these two layers.

SSE (Security Service Edge) in SASE provides centralized security by integrating security services like Secure Web Gateway, Cloud Access Security Broker and Zero Trust Network Access. It acts as a unified platform for deployment of multiple security services to secure access to web-based services, cloud apps, and private networks. SSE simplifies and streamlines security measures to protect digital assets effectively.

A Dual-WAN Router is a device that manages two Internet connections. It has two WAN ports to connect to different ISPs, providing reliability and redundancy. It ensures an always-on connection to the Internet for organizations.

A MAC address is a unique identifier for network-enabled devices, used for communication within a local network. It is comprised of the manufacturer’s identifier and device-specific identifier, ensuring each device has a unique address. The MAC address is used to identify and communicate with specific devices on a network.

Tethering and Hotspot are both ways to share an internet connection between devices. Tethering involves connecting devices via USB cable, Bluetooth, or Wi-Fi, while a Hotspot uses Wi-Fi to share the connection. Both methods allow multiple devices to access the internet through a single source, with hotspot being a simpler solution that requires only Wi-Fi.

Localhost is a device’s self-reference hostname in networking. It allows access to network services via loopback, bypassing network hardware. Tests on network services and configurations can be performed with localhost.

Localhost is a device’s self-reference hostname in networking. It allows access to network services via loopback, bypassing network hardware. Tests on network services and configurations can be performed with localhost.

Zero Trust Network Access (ZTNA) is a security solution for remote access to an organization’s resources. It implements identity and device verification and grants access based on predefined criteria. ZTNA follows a “never trust, always verify” approach to ensure secure access to sensitive information.

Dynamic Routing is a method used in WAN transmissions. It allows routers to choose the optimal path for data packet transmission across a network. The router selects the path based on real-time information about the network, providing efficient and flexible data transmission.

Packetizing refers to the process of encapsulating data received from upper network layers into network layer packets at the source, and then decapsulating these packets at the destination. This allows for efficient and organized transmission of data across a network.

A datagram is a unit of data transmission in a packet-switched network. It is comprised of header and payload sections and provides connectionless communication services. Datagrams are a fundamental aspect of packet-switched networks.

IP addresses play a crucial role in networking. They serve as unique identifiers that allow communication between devices on a network. Without an IP address, a device is unable to connect and communicate with other devices on the internet.

A Hub sends binary bits from one device to another. A Switch transfers frames between devices within a network. A Router routes packets between networks.

A Storage Area Network (SAN) is a computer network that provides centralized block-level data storage access. It enables users to access shared data storage resources. SAN helps in improving data management and storage utilization.

A Logical Unit Number (LUN) is a portion of disk storage presented to a host computer as a single volume. It acts as a virtual disk and enables access to a specific set of disks. LUNs are used to manage and allocate storage in a Storage Area Network (SAN).

Load Balancing is a technique for distributing network traffic evenly across multiple servers to enhance application performance and prevent failure. It ensures that no single server is overwhelmed by too much traffic, ensuring high availability and reliability. Load balancing helps in ensuring a smooth user experience by distributing the load evenly across multiple resources.

Network Access Control (NAC) is a security solution that regulates access to a network by enforcing a set of policies. It uses protocols to determine which devices are allowed to connect and under what conditions. NAC helps in securing the network by controlling and monitoring devices attempting to access the network.

Network Security refers to the measures taken to protect a computer network from unauthorized access, modification, or destruction. It encompasses policies, processes, and practices aimed at preventing and detecting security breaches and ensuring the confidentiality, integrity, and availability of network resources. Network security helps in ensuring the safety and reliability of a network and its connected devices.

Cybergeddon is a catastrophic event caused by widespread disruption of computer networks through cyberterrorism, cyberwarfare, cybercrime, and hacktivism. It can result in significant internet interruption or economic collapse. Simply put, it’s a nightmare scenario for our interconnected digital world.

The three main types of area networks are LAN, MAN, and WAN, each covering a different geographical range. They differ primarily in their coverage area and have distinct similarities and differences. These networks allow computers to communicate and exchange data within a specific area.

A LAN, or local area network, is a group of interconnected computers within a small geographic area. These computers can communicate and exchange data with each other. Examples of LANs include home networks, school computer labs, and office buildings.

A MAN, or metropolitan area network, is a computer network that connects users and resources in a metropolitan region. It spans a larger geographic area compared to a LAN. A MAN typically provides high-speed data communication services such as internet access to multiple LANs in a city.

A PAN, or personal area network, is a small network of electronic devices used by an individual. It connects devices such as computers, smartphones, tablets, and personal digital assistants in a single person’s workspace. A PAN allows these devices to easily exchange data with one another.

A WAN, or wide area network, is a large telecommunications network that spans a wide geographic area. It connects multiple smaller networks, such as LANs or MANs, and is typically established using leased communication lines. WANs allow for seamless communication and data exchange over long distances.

WAN optimization refers to a set of methods used to enhance data transmission over wide area networks. These techniques are crucial for effective network administration, as they ensure fast and efficient data transfer across a WAN. In short, WAN optimization helps organizations get the most out of their wide area networks.

WAN optimization employs various techniques to improve data transmission, including deduplication, compression, protocol optimization, traffic shaping, and local caching. These methods help to increase the speed, reliability, and efficiency of WANs. By utilizing WAN optimization techniques, organizations can ensure that their networks are running at their best.

SD-WAN Edge refers to a physical or virtual network solution located at various sites such as branch offices, data centers, or cloud platforms. It serves as the entry point for a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) and enables organizations to connect and manage their WANs more efficiently. In short, the SD-WAN Edge helps organizations optimize their WAN infrastructure.

SD-WAN Edge refers to a physical or virtual network solution located at various sites such as branch offices, data centers, or cloud platforms. It serves as the entry point for a software-defined wide area network (SD-WAN) and enables organizations to connect and manage their WANs more efficiently. In short, the SD-WAN Edge helps organizations optimize their WAN infrastructure.

SD-WAN Edge is a network solution that can be installed at an organization’s branches, data centers, or cloud platforms. It serves as the gateway to a software-defined wide area network and helps improve network management and connectivity. The SD-WAN Edge is either a physical device or a virtual function, making it flexible and versatile.

Protocol Spoofing, specifically IP spoofing, is a technique that involves sending false IP packets to impersonate another computer system. This malicious act involves creating IP packets with a fake source IP address to deceive the recipient. IP spoofing can be used for various malicious activities, such as unauthorized access, data theft, and network disruption.

Traffic Shaping, also known as packet shaping, is a technique used to manage network bandwidth by controlling the flow of data packets. The goal is to allocate bandwidth to critical applications and services and ensure that they perform optimally. This technique helps organizations improve network performance and prioritize applications based on their importance.

Rate Limiting restricts the flow of network requests to prevent overloading and protect against DoS attacks. It sets a limit on incoming and outgoing requests per unit time. This mechanism helps maintain network stability and reliability.

5G is the latest and fastest cellular technology, providing increased speeds and reduced latency. It aims to improve the flexibility and efficiency of wireless services. It is the 5th generation of cellular technology.

Network latency refers to the delay in data transmission from source to destination. It’s the time taken for a data packet to travel from one point to another. Latency measures the responsiveness of a network.

5G’s range in mmWave frequency has been tested to reach roughly 500 meters from a tower. The coverage distance can vary based on the deployment scenario. 5G technology is capable of providing high-speed data services over a limited range.

MM wave, also called millimeter wave, is a part of the spectrum with wavelengths ranging from 10 millimeters to 1 millimeter. It operates in the frequency range of 30 GHz to 300 GHz. MM wave is used for high-speed data transmission in 5G technology.

Millimeter Waves (MMW) are used in various fields such as radio astronomy, remote sensing, military, security screening, automotive radar, telecommunications, and imaging. The frequency range of 30-300 GHz makes it useful for high-speed data transmission and other applications.

An SDN (Software-Defined Networking) Controller is a central software that manages and directs network behavior. It operates and configures computer networks, providing a centralized approach to network management. An SDN Controller simplifies network operations and improves network agility.

ZTNA (Zero Trust Network Access) differs from VPN (Virtual Private Network) in the way it provides access to network resources. Unlike VPN, which provides direct access to all endpoints on the corporate LAN, ZTNA restricts access to only authorized applications and services. ZTNA implements a more secure approach to network access.

SD-WAN and VPN are network solutions for remote access. VPN provides secure access for a limited number of employees, while SD-WAN is a more comprehensive solution with better cost-effectiveness, performance, and reliability for large-scale deployments. SD-WAN offers enhanced WAN infrastructure compared to VPN.

SD-WAN utilizes software to control and optimize connections between branch offices and central network/cloud. It dynamically selects the most efficient route for data transmission, ensuring reliable network performance. SD-WAN simplifies network management.

SD-WAN key feature: monitoring and managing WAN link performance to optimize network connections and speed. Traffic is dynamically adjusted to improve network performance, making it a cornerstone of SD-WAN technology.